Once the Colville Reservation was established, at least ten different tribes lived there together, producing a rich new culture. The tribe is working with local universities to obtain college credits for these language students. In the early spring, before the salmon camps were established, the Colville sought out suckerfish and steelhead trout. “Your grandmother wants you to come home.”, Now Chipmunk did not know what to do. This kept their food fresh for long periods of time. The Colville refer to their Supreme Being by various names. Traveling with nearby tribes, the men hunted deer, elk, bear, and beaver as well as buffalo. In modern times this jointly-owned land offers timber and mineral resources, water power for hydroelectric plants (to make electricity), and fish and wildlife preserves. The Colville people, or sx̌ʷyʔiɬpx, are a Native American people of the Pacific Northwest. Tribal elders are instructing young people who plan to become language teachers. Babies’ noses and mouths were massaged daily to shape them properly. The people call themselves Niitsitapii, meaning “the real people.” The Crow name for the tribe was Siksi…, Chinook Colville children learned how to do the duties of men and women by observing their elders. By 1916 they opened the remaining 417,841 acres to settlers. Retrieved April 06, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/colville. 1872: The Colville Reservation is established. “Ken “Rainbow Cougar“Edwards: Colville Confederated Tribes.” Mississippi State University. Special camps were set up for fishing and collecting nuts, roots, and berries. The Colville method of holistic management combines respecting both human values and the environment, rather than setting them against one another. Their wood products are marketed worldwide. Before the reservation era, each of these were separate tribes with their own culture and language. The Arrow Lakes are upstream on the Columbia River a little ways above the border in British Columbia. As part of the conditions of surrender Chief Joseph and his band were not allowed to return to their home in Oregon and were eventually re-located to the Colville reservation after the so called "Flight of the Nez Perce" in 1877. Only three months after the reservation was established, the government relocated the tribes to a second reservation west of the Columbia River. Midwives assisted at the birth; a female shaman might be called in for difficult births. In 1806 the Lewis and Clark expedition, which was exploring the western lands of the United States, visited the tribe. Later homes were lodges, 20 to 60 feet (6 to 18 meters) long and covered with several layers of tule mats, fir branches, and bark. Sometime in the twentieth century, most men opted for very short hair over the traditional long braids, but during the 1990s some men returned to this earlier style. Holistic management considers the feelings and values of the people involved, not only the opinions of experts. They often retrieved the salmon that died after spawning and ate those, too. The company builds tribal housing and public facilities on the reservation and has secured construction contracts with the U.S. Army, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the U.S. Forest Service. They performed puberty rites for girls, held a festival when the trees bore their first fruits, and conducted various dances on the occasions of war, scalping, summoning guardian spirits, marriage, and to honor the Sun. [citation needed]. What did the Bella Coola Tribe wear? Some believe it means “people of the li…, Columbus, Christopher 1451–1506 Italian Explorer. The Nez Perce tribe is probably the best known tribe in Pacific Northwest history. Soon Father Pierre de Smet—a priest well known among other tribes of the Pacific Northwest—came among the Colville. He decided when it was time to move to a new area and was in charge of running ceremonies and keeping the peace within the village. “The Colville Tribe Blazes the Trail.” Managing Wholes: Creating a Future that Works. The neighboring Coeur d'Alene called them Sqhwiyi̱'ɫpmsh and the Spokane knew them as Sxʷyelpetkʷ. Let us know … The Wenatchi Tribe is a non treaty tribe and is one of the twelve tribes that comprise The Colville Confederated Tribes. At night they danced and begged the spirits to protect them. In 2015, forestland in and around Colville was struck again, this time burning over 200,000 acres. Slocum recovered, and word of his religion spread. They also used it to make dresses. Weekends. Grandmother sends Chipmunk to pick berries, but warns her not to stay too long because the Owl Sisters will eat her. They cured by singing sacred songs and chants to drive the evil from the body. Phone Directory. In the 1870s the reservation was reduced to half its original size. Later names referred to a war honor, special feat, or spiritual power. The name Chinook may have been taken from the Chehalis name cinuk for the people and the village on Baker Bay…, Yurok According to the 2000 census, that number had increased to 8,398, and 10,076 people claimed to have some Colville ancestry. They underwent a difficult training period to learn how to remove evil spirits from the afflicted. . In times past the Colville scheduled festivals throughout the year. The name derives from the traditional Wenatchi name Tsi-Laan meaning "deep water". Suddenly Chipmunk heard a sound.… Chipmunk looked down and what she saw was so frightening that she almost screamed. “Ah,” Chipmunk said, “I must clean myself off.” She licked off the berry juice. Since then, the Colville have expanded their Traditional Cultural Plants Project to include surveys into the approximately 39 million acres of the CCT Traditional Territories, a herbarium, monitoring species for impacts of… Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). The Colville people, or sx̌ʷyʔiɬpx, are a Native American people of the Pacific Northwest. Most people went barefoot. They did physical activities, used the sweat lodge, took baths in herbs, and observed nature. In 1872, the Colville tribe was relocated to an Indian reservation in eastern Washington the named after them. . “I will cover my eyes,” Owl said and raised her arms over her face, but she peeked between her fingers. She is considered the first female Native American novelist. Before long she had picked eleven berries. They used portable tents made from animal skins when hunting buffalo farther south. Golden, CO: Fulcrum Publishing, 1994. Living near so many rivers and lakes, the Colville often traveled in canoes made of white pine or birch bark. 1938: Newly opened Grand Coulee Dam floods salmon spawning areas, orchards, and farms. nxaʔamxčín Traditional Foods. Waldman, Carl. The stored food supplied their nutritional needs during the winter. In the warmer months, men would often go naked, and women would only wear bark skirts. The first European contact with the tribe occurred in the mid to late 16th century when Spanish explorers traveled the area. Soon she reached the berry bushes. The Colville Reservation, about 100 miles (161 kilometers) northwest of Spokane, covers about 1.4 million acres of land in northeastern Washington state, ranging from the Okanagon River in the west, south to the Spokane River, and as far east as the Columbia River. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. They all expressed very deep sorrow. The money awarded as a result of these cases provides funds for a long-term program to repurchase former tribal lands. All rights reserved, Colville Tribes… Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, Llc, 2006. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. It is located in southeastern Okanogan county and the southern half of Ferry County, but a small piece of off-reservation trust land lies in Chelan County, northwest of the city of Chelan. * In 1887, the Congress passed the General Allotment Act that granted small parcels of acreage to Indian individuals, including some of the Colville. Because the firm does not operate within U.S. borders, Teck Cominco tried to have the case dismissed. One may also ask, what did the Pima tribe eat? The newly united group struggled with white settlers and with each other over land rights, a struggle that resulted in several lawsuits. She ate and she ate and the sun moved further toward the west. Reprinted from Revue Droit et Cultures. Preamble Article I-Purpose . Young men and women take part in a vision quest—a ceremony in which they undergo a secluded training period in the wilderness and seek out their guardian spirit. (accessed on September 2, 2007). Eight of these related bands are the names of rivers that flow off of the eastern slopes of the North Cascades or the Okanagon Highlands of eastern Washington. They practiced preventive medicine by warding off evil spirits before they could enter the body. Many Christian Colville take part in Native religious practices as well. Answer to: What did the Ojibwa tribe wear? Slocum became ill and seemed to have died; he returned to life with a mission to found a new church. Chatters, James C. Ancient Encounters: Kennewick Man and the First Americans. Also Know, what did the Northwest coastal tribes live in? A conservationist in attendance explained: “They [the elders] talked about open, grassy parkland, pine forests, diversity of wildlife, diversity of cultural species, clean water, stable soils. Protect yourself and others: get the vaccine and wear a mask. One is “The Chief Above.” The people believe that all things found in nature—animals, rocks, plants—contain spirits that can be called on for aid in healing, raising crops, and making war. In modern times, in addition to the Colville, the Confederation is made up of eleven bands of Native Americans, including the Wenatchee, Entiat, Chelan, Methow, Okanogan, Nespelem, San Poil, Lake, Moses-Columbia, Palus, and Nez Percé (see entry). Today the tribe’s main natural resource is their forests. Their location near the Northwest Coast provided the Colville with a rich and varied menu. 1892: U.S. government takes the northern half of the reservation. The Colville were one of the largest tribes in the Pacific Northwest, inhabiting a land rich in natural resources. Just like having any other ancestor dug up and studied, the Colville Tribes were disgusted that the remains were allowed to be study, according to tribal History & Archaeology program manager Guy Moura. These circular lodgings were entered through a hole in the roof. By the early 1800s they had begun trading furs at the Northwest Company. In the mid-1800s the ever-growing groups of white settlers caused problems for the Natives, especially when they brought another smallpox epidemic in 1853. Sept 8, 2020, ~ there are two staff in Enrollment available for emergencies only. The combination of getting vaccinated and following the CDC’s recommendations to protect yourself and others will offer the … Food hunts were extremely well organized. They also stuffed softened animal skins with down feathers to make pillows. The mother and baby remained in the hut for a month. (accessed on September 2, 2007). Below this disk and overlapping its lower portion is a wolf, facing left and standing upon a green grassy mound. In the early 1900s a young couple walked together under an arch of saplings and wished for unity. “I will come down,” she said to Owl, “but you must cover your eyes.”. Blackfeet (sometimes called Blackfoot). Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps, U*X*L Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. The tribal fish hatchery stocks many lakes and streams throughout north central Washington. In 1904 there were only 321. The nearby luxury houseboat rental operation began in 1988. Before puberty both boys and girls were sent to a secluded spot to train for a guardian spirit. Donovan, Peter. New Indian Sketches. The guardian spirit protects the individual and guides him or her throughout life. Pass me. A number of tribal members are seeking higher education in fields that will make them useful to the tribe, such as natural resource management, law, business, social work, and health policy. Earlier, outsiders often called them Scheulpi, Chualpay, or Swhy-ayl-puh; the French traders called them Les Chaudières ("the Kettles") in reference to Kettle Falls. In 2004 tribal executives sued a Canadian business, Teck Cominco, because of pollution the company emits from its lead smelter at the Columbia River and Lake Victoria. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. It was so sweet! In winter Colville women wore tunics with leggings and moccasins. With a land rich in resources, they have been able to thrive. Such nicknames lasted until the child was nine; then he or she received another name at a feast and giveaway. The Colville disliked the fact that large numbers of settlers, miners, and soldiers were crowding their territory, but Colville chiefs did not join the wars neighboring tribes, such as the Yakama (see entry), waged against the settlers. “Little One,” the Owl Sister said, “come down to me.” She lifted her arms up toward Chipmunk. Instead she took a great leap, right over Owl’s head! They then filled these flexible sacs with grease, dried meat or fish, nuts, berries, or roots. Colville, Hon. members, friends and family. ." Caduto, Michael J., and Joseph Bruchac. View fullsize. However, the date of retrieval is often important. 1846: Treaty of Washington divides Okanagan territory and gives United States control of the Oregon Territory. In summer the Colville lived in cone-shaped or oblong homes of pole frames wrapped with mats made from rushes. CTEC in the mid-2000s also managed thirteen other enterprises, employed one thousand people, and generated over $120 million in revenue each year. Twelve bands or tribes make up the federally recognized Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation indian tribe. Ever since then, all Chipmunks bear those scars on their backs. The chief was usually the oldest member of the group. What does Colville tribe mean? It came to be known as the Indian Shaker Religion, and tribes from California to British Columbia practiced it. “Dams of the Columbia Basin and Their Effects on the Native Fishery.” Center for Columbia River History. The souls of the dead traveled to the land of the beyond, somewhere in the West or the South. “Colville Indian Reservation Chronology and Avery Project Bibliography.” Washington State University Libraries. After a guardian spirit appeared and the child received a song, some carved or burned the spirit’s face into wood or painted it on a rock. The ten-day Fourth of July Powwow at Nespelem takes place in the tribe’s “Circle,” a traditional gathering place where Native Americans from several states come in Native dress to play stick games, participate in parades, and enjoy rodeo events. ." The Wenatchi Tribe is also a non-federally recognized tribe due to the government not upholding their treaties. (Holism is a theory that nature works as a whole or complete unit, rather than as separate parts.) In addition to diseases the Europeans also introduced horses. The Colville way of life was further disrupted from 1858 to 1860 by white miners who crossed their territory on their way to search for gold near the Fraser River. Name Through its influence nearly all the upper Columbia tribes were Christianized.[2]. The land also proved to be rich in minerals. John Slocum, a member of the Squaxin tribe, founded the Indian Shaker Religion in 1881 near Olympia, Washington. CCT Language Preservation Program, 21 Colville Street, Nespelem, WA, 99155, United States(509) 634-2620. A chairperson, vice chairperson, and secretary, chosen by the council to serve one-year terms, lead the Colville Business Council. no. "Colville Mooney (1928) estimated the number of the Colville at 1,000 as of 1780, but Lewis and Clark placed it at 2,500, a figure also fixed upon by Teit (1930). Papago people did not usually wear shoes, either, but when they did, they wore sandals made of rawhide or yucca fiber rather than moccasins. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Later other contagious diseases would have killed most of the tribe if Roman Catholic priests had not given the people vaccines. Following a hunt or large catch, the tribe held a feast. In 1900, 1.4 million acres went to homesteaders. She was taking them home to eat them with her sisters. When the Colville obtained horses in the eighteenth century, their territory expanded. This, too, has narrow borders, the inner blue and the outer green. Box 150 Nespelem, WA 99155 Phone: 509-634-2200 Website and Facebook. She then wrote traditional stories of her tribe, and her second book, Coyote Stories, was published in 1933. The Moses Coulee, Moses-Columbia, is an Ice Age Canyon (coulee) just south of the Columbia River west of Coulee City on U.S. Highway 2. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001. The 3-million-acre Colville Reservation east of the Columbia River was established in 1872 for the Colville and other area tribes, including the Okanagon, Sanpoil, Lake, Kalispel, Spokane, and Coeur d’Alene (ker-duh-LEEN). About a year later, before starting his missionary work, Slocum fell ill again. Mourning Dove (c. 1885–1936; born Christine Quintasket) was a Colville/Okanagon writer and activist who fought for American Indian rights throughout her life. A decade later in 1825 the Hudson’s Bay Company, the powerful British traders, established Fort Colville. Then in 1892 Congress took over the northern half of the acreage and allotted a portion of it to tribal members. Kettle Falls became the center of Colville activities. Later some “progressives” allowed written materials, but traditionalists did not. But the name by which they are most commonly known, Colville, was that of Governor Eden Colville of the Hudson’s Bay Company. 33 (1997): 53–95. For example, not long ago elders were taken to an area on the reservation where timber is harvested. This page is for C.C.T. The people of the Northwest Coast wore very little clothing, except when it was cold. The tribe also operates a marina-restaurant complex, a gas station, three casinos, and several stores. Their early winter dwellings were about 45 feet (14 meters) in diameter and were located almost completely underground. She wanted to put Chipmunk in her basket, too, but Chipmunk was too high up in the bushes for Owl to reach her. The Colville dug a few feet into the dirt so their homes were partially underground. Colville babies received ancestor names at birth. Members receive pay while they are in office. They own 1.4 million acres of valuable timberlands, and timber is processed at their sawmill and wood treatment plant. Soon after, the project’s planning team examined whether proposed actions would lead toward or away from the goal. (accessed on September 2, 2007). The Nez Perce are the descendants of Chief Joseph band which came from Northeast Oregon. Until the nineteenth century both men and women wore nose pins. The Colville also constructed sweathouses, structures used by men and women for religious rites of purification. They may also have been named for Colonel John Colville of the U.S. Army, the local Indian agent. Later other contagious diseases would have killed most of the tribe if Roman C… The Spanish called both the Paiute an…, The name Narragansett (pronounced nah-ruh-GAN-sit ) refers to both the people and the place where they lived. Beginning in the Southwest the rivers in order as you go north and then east are the: Wenatchee (Town of Wenatchee), Entiat (Town of Entiat), Chelan (Town of Chelan), Methow (Town of Methow, upstream of the confluence with the Columbia), Okanogan (Town of Okanogan, upstream of the Confluence), Nespelem (Tribal community of Nespelem, upstream of the confluence), Sanpoil (Tribal community of Sanpoil, on the Sanpoil arm of Lake Roosevelt), and Colville (Town of Colville, upstream of the confluence). “I must have more.” Then she put down her basket and climbed higher into the berry bushes and began to eat berries. Male and female healers called shaman (pronounced SHAH-mun or SHAY-mun) were responsible for curing the sick, with the assistance of guardian spirits. The Omak Stampede and the world famous Suicide Race take place in early August and feature horse-related activities and Native food. "Powhatan" or "Powhatan Chiefdom" … Both sexes added fur robes for warmth. The official Facebook page for the Colville Tribal broadcast system. Mission schools operated during the nineteenth century, but in modern times most students attend public schools on the reservation or the nearby Paschel Sherman Indian School. The Salishan language family includes twenty-three languages divided into three major branches: Coast Salish, Tsamosan Salish, and Interior Salish. Eventually they were left in peace, and the religion is still practiced today. The Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation Language Program nzaamxcin animals. Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation. The Colville settled in the Northwest around 1500, migrating from present-day British Columbia, Canada. Since it was typical for there to be rain on the coast, the clothing of the Bella Coola people had to be warm and waterproof. ." https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/colville, "Colville Name The North West Company and the Pacific Fur Company set up depots for trade in 1811. Wearing a mask decreases the risk of transmitting the virus by 65%. It was not successful, and the judge ordered the company to come up with a solution to reverse the damages. Colville Tribes: Climate Change and a Growing Wildfire Threat Click HERE for PDF version. 1956: Federal government returns about 800,000 acres of reservation land to the tribe. The name Colville comes from association with Fort Colville, named after Andrew Colvile of the Hudson's Bay Company. In conjunction with the University of Washington, the Colville and Yakama tribes received a $500,000 grant to set up community technology centers in each tribal community. The Interior branch spoken by the Colville is the most popular of the three branches. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. The problems they face involve suppressing forest fires, building roads, spraying crops with insecticides, and clear-cutting (the removal of all the trees in an area). The first meeting between the Colville and Europeans may have occurred before 1800, but no records of the contact exist. That became part of the goal for that watershed plan.”. They marked the graves with a pile or circle of stones and placed a long stick at the head of the grave; three sticks stood for a shaman. French traders called them Les Chaudières (“the kettles”), perhaps because they lived near Kettle Falls. Her shaking was seen as a divine sign and became a part of Slocum’s religious services. After they acquired horses, they also hunted bison. There were long sharp claws on the Owl Sister’s hands and on her back was a basket full of the little ones she had caught. Emergency Contact for Wake and Burial Benefits | Monday-Friday (509) 634-2830. Small business development and mining also provide income and employment opportunities. It took them two years to convince the various specialists working on the project of the value and workability of the holistic decision-making process. This drastically changed the tribe’s economic base and lifestyle. This Colville tale is part of a much longer tale that tells how Coyote tricks the Owl Sisters to save Chipmunk. The Chelan are an Interior Salish people speaking the Wenatchi dialect, though separate from that tribe. The Powhatan Tribe was a group of Native Americans located in the Chesapeake Bay area of Virginia. For centuries the tribe subsisted as hunter-gatherers, living mainly on fish. The sorts of clothing the men wore were leggings and moccasins made from deer and moose skin, while … The Indian Shaker Religion combined elements of Native and Christian beliefs and practices. For years they have used crisis management, that is, dealing with problems as they crop up. Many people used face and body paint, but tattooing was uncommon. Yurok (pronounced YOOR-ock ) comes from the word yuruk, meaning “downriver” in the Karok language. The tribe’s history is tied with Kettle Falls, an important salmon fishing resource, and an important post of the Hudson’s Bay Company, which brought the advantages and disadvantages of contact with people of European heritage. Members are elected to staggered two-year terms. In the center of the disk is a map of the reservation in black. The Colville fringed, punctured, and embroidered their clothing using porcupine quills and decorated them with seeds, hoofs, shells, elk’s teeth, tufts of hair, feathers, and ermine skins. The Colville (pronounced COAL-vill) were known by many names. It is set during the time animals had human characteristics, so the Owl Sisters have hands. In the early twenty-first century more than three thousand people speak the language. The name Colville comes from association with Fort Colville, named after Andrew Colvile of the Hudson's Bay Company. Owl grabbed at her as she went by and scraped Chipmunk’s back with three of her long claws. In addition, Colville Tribal Enterprise Corporation (CTEC) owns a construction company that uses the lumber. There they fished, traded with Europeans, and met with Roman Catholic missionaries. Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colville_people&oldid=1002354418, Native American tribes in Washington (state), Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2007, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 January 2021, at 01:08. In 1846, the Jesuit St. … The tribe also won a case that accused the federal government of mismanaging tribal resources. Ten lower-level committees are responsible for other reservation programs. With their faces marked with red paint or charcoal, they prayed at dawn and sunset. During this time the tribes on the new reservation formed the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation. The name Umatilla (pronounced you-muh-TILL-uh ) comes from the name of the tribe’s winter village, imatilam, and means “many rocks.” Other possi…, Name In 1956 the Colville won a case against the federal government, and the United States returned about 800,000 acres of reservation land to the tribe. The Colville tribe was originally located in eastern Washington on the Colville River and the area of the Columbia River between Kettle Falls and the town of Hunters. Visiting a sweathouse was part of the ritual in which people sought their guardian spirits. The Colville have also begun programs to teach the three languages spoken on the reservation. [2] It is inhabited and managed by the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, which is a federally recognized tribe comprising twelve bands. U*X*L Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Earlier, outsiders often called them Scheulpi, Chualpay, or Swhy-ayl-puh; the French traders called them Les Chaudières ("the Kettles") in reference to Kettle Falls. This group is specifically for positive and community posts as well as information. The leave is effective immediately and will continue until further action is taken by the … Submit Your News We're always interested in hearing about news in our community. Keepers of the Night: Native American Stories and Nocturnal Activities for Children. After the death of a loved one widows and widowers showed their grief by cutting off their hair and wearing old, tattered clothes. Back to Top. As his wife, Mary, approached his sickbed, she trembled uncontrollably. 2021 . NESPELEM, WA - Joel Boyd, the Vice-Chairman of the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, was placed on administrative leave today by action of the Executive Committee of the Colville Tribes. 1938: Constitution is approved; Colville Business Council is formed to govern tribe. “Colville Reservation.” Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. It was, however, only a small portion of that which had originally been taken. Syilx is the historic autonym of the Okanagan peoples and today a political term for land and cultural claims for all Colville-Okanagan-speaking peoples. They were further confined on the reservation. She helped found the Colville Indian Association and was the first woman elected to the Colville Tribal Council. Council member and former Colville tribal chairperson Matthew Dick said: “Holistic management is getting all the people involved. Memorial giveaways are held in honor of deceased tribal members. In 1846 an American coined the term “Basket People,” referring to the tall woven baskets the Colville made to snare salmon. Then the leftovers were dried or frozen for later consumption. Each tribe added its own variations. The Nez Perce (not including the small group re-located to Colville) are located on the Nez Perce Indian Reservation in West central Idaho along the Clearwater River. Oct 12, 2016 - Explore Dade Murphy's board "Colville Tribe" on Pinterest. 6 Apr. Groups of men worked together to drive deer over cliffs or into blinds. The reservation also has extensive rangelands for grazing livestock (nearly 290,000 acres), forested rangelands (about 135,000 acres), and farmlands (82,000 acres). In 1806 there were an estimated 2,500 Colville. Together with Wenatchee-Columbian, Spokane-Kalispel-Bitterroot, and Coeur d'Alene, Colville-Okanagan belong to the four Southern Interior Salishan languages of the Plateau. 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